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sky3.doc
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1988-08-11
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Sun, Moon and Planets
Here is an example of what you get when choosing
the sun from the main menu; the date is July 1, 1986, 0h
Ephemeris Time. Topocentric coordinates are given for 0d
latitude. The results are compared with those of the
"Astronomical Ephemeris" when available:
program Astr. Ephem.
Mean Longitude : 98d 46m
True Longitude : 98d 53m 98d 53m 12.98s
Longitude of Perigee: 282d 42m
Mean Anomaly : 176d 3m
Ecliptic : 23d 27m 23d 26m 35.50s
Right Ascension : 6h 39m 6h 38m 39.31s
Declination : 23d 9m 23d 8m 44.9 s
Azimuth : 357d 24m
Altitude :- 66d 50m
MLT of rising : 6h 0m 6h 0m
Azimuth at rising : 66d 51m
MLT of transit : 12h 4m 12h 3m 44.44s
Altitude at transit : 66d 51m
MLT of setting : 18h 7m 18h 7m
Azimuth at setting : 293d 9m
Rect. Coord. date X:- 0.15707
" " Y: 0.92158
" " Z: 0.39959
Rect. Coord. 1950 X:- 0.14813
" " Y: 0.92282
" " Z: 0.40013
Distance to Earth : 1.01669 1.0166882
The theory of the sun is from Simon Newcomb in his
"Tables of the Motion of the Earth on its Axis and around
the Sun" (Astronomical Papers Prepared for the Use of the
American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanach [=APAE], vol. 6,
part 1, 1898). All perturbations greater than about 20"
have been retained. The rectified elements and fundamental
arguments are taken from the "Astronomical Ephemeris 1978".
Selecting the moon from the main menu will yield
the following results, according to our example:
program Astr. Ephem.
Mean Longitude : 25d 44m
True Longitude : 31d 2m 31d 2m
True Latitude : 0d 20m 0d 20m
Right Ascension : 1h 55m 1h 55m 9.7s
Declination : 12d 9m 12d 8m 44s
Mean Node : 26d 15m
True Node : 26d 15m
Phase Angle : 112d 1m
Azimuth : 77d 5m
Altitude :- 19d 45m
MLT of rising : 1h 21m 1h 23m
Azimuth at rising : 77d 51m
MLT of transit : 7h 20m 7h 33m
Altitude at transit : 77d 51m
MLT of setting : 13h 20m 13h 43m
Azimuth at setting : 282d 9m
Horizontal Parallax : 0d 55m 0d 54m 43.13s
Illumin. frac. disk : 0.31 0.31
Distance to Earth : 62.9 equat. rad. 62.828
The Mean Local Times of rising, transit and
setting must be reentered in order to achieve greater
accuracy. For example, reentering the program for the same
date and latitude, but for 1h 21m Mean Local Time, gives 1h
23m, as in the "Astronomical Ephmeris".
The same accuracy as for the sun applies to the
moon and all of the planets except Pluto, for which only a
rough estimate is being given (accurate to about two or
three degrees in longitude). The claimed accuracy in the
position of Neptune and Uranus does not extend over more
than three or four centuries on either side of epoch 1900.0.
The theory of the moon is from Brown, as rectified
in the "Improved Lunar Ephemeris 1952-1959" (Supplement to
the American Ephemeris and the [British] Nautical Almanac,
1954). The fundamental elements of the planetary theories
have been taken from the "Connaissance des Temps et des
Mouvements Célestes 1977" for the theories originating from
Gaillot, and from the "Explanatory Supplement to the
Astronomical Ephemeris" (1961) for the theories originating
from Newcomb. The basic theories and the inequalities are
taken from the following sources:
Pluto: no particular source.
Neptune: S. Newcomb, Tables of the Heliocentric Motion of
Neptune, APAE, vol. 7, part 4, 1898.
Uranus: S. Newcomb, Tables of the Heliocentric Motion of
Uranus, APAE, vol. 7, part 3, 1898.
Saturn: M. A. Gaillot, Tables rectifiées du mouvement de
Saturne, Annales de l'Observatoire de Paris, Mémoires, vol.
24, 1904.
Jupiter: M. A. Gaillot, Tables rectifiées du mouvement de
Jupiter, Annales de l'Observatoire de Paris, Mémoires, vol.
31, 1913.
Mars: S. Newcomb, Tables of the Heliocentric Motion of
Mars, APAE, vol. 6, part. 4, 1898.
Venus: S. Newcomb, Tables of the Heliocentric Motion of
Venus, APAE, vol. 6, part 3, 1898.
Mercury: S. Newcomb, Tables of the Heliocentric Motion of
Mercury, APAE, vol. 6, part 2, 1898.
One item on the Main Menu is the Solar System.
This provides in a convenient format the ecliptic and
equatorial real positions of the sun, the moon and the
planets for the equinox of date.